Boiler for heating systems



Sept. 4, 1934. M. w. sMn-H BOILER FOR HEATING SYSTEMS Filed Dec. 22, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet l aus@ Sept. 4, 1934. M. w. sMn'H BOILER Fon HEATING SYSTEMS Filed Dec@ 22, 1932 2 sheets-sheet 2 "5 mzZh @www allll'l'uanl f as Patented Sept. 4, 1934 oNrrED `*is"-'rltrss 1,972,324l Bonnin ron HEATING SYSTEM-s Y Marvin W."'Sn1fthi,r"lu5atli, Pa. v i Application member 22,y 1932,.:serial `N.v 648,503

`5Vv claims. 01; {122+1'v6y This invention relates `to boi-1ers designed for heating houses by` either hot water or steam heat and has for its object theprovision of a 'boiler so constructed that it maybe readily converted from a hot 4water heating boiler to a steam boiler or vice versa, and a further object is to provide a -boiler of this character which is formed in units or Vsections so that itrnay be readily increased i-n heating capacity by the addition vof further sections.l

A further object is to provide ra boiler of this character so constructed that the water in the boiler is subjectedto .the full 'heat of the re and in which a maximum ofV heating surface is provided for the water. Y

A further -obect -is to so construct the'boiler that vthe water is not carried downward around the fir-e pot where it would be liable to be cooled by the relatively cold '.f-uel and in which the lire will ynot be chilled by the cold water in the walls of the furnace.' f Other objectsl will appear inthe course ofthe following description.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:- L

Figure 1 is a 'front elevation of a hot ywater boiler constructed in accordance with my invention;

Figure 2 is a fragmentary section on the line 2-2'of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figure Fig-ure 4 is fa -section on the line 4-4of YFigure 2; Y I

AFig-ure 5 is av frontY elevation partlyr broken away showing the manner ingwhichrny boiler may be -converted into a '-bo'iler usedfor'steam heating.

Referring to the drawings and :particularly Fig-ure 1, it will be seen that the boi-ler is formed primarily of iive sections, the section A Abeing the ash pit section, the section B1 the -fire pot section, the sections C and D being heatingV sections and thesection kE being vthe cap section or crown of the boiler. Section A may b e constructed in any` suitable vmanner and is preferably of cast ironand is provided with lthe ash removing doorlo. The upper endV ofthe section A is flanged. at-12 while the-sectionB at its lower end is `formed with the 'inwardly turnedange lconronting'fthe flange'12 and engaged therewith inV any suitable manner. The

-upper -end of the section B is outwardly flanged at 14, this flange 14 also extending inward. Disposed between the nange 13 and the inwardly 'water space 2.1` and opens into this space 25 as shown in Figure l2 lat the rear of the furnace.

section are thewater heating tubes 28.

vtubes being preferablyarranged instaggered reextending portion of the flange 14 is a krire brick lining 151A grate 16 is mounted in the section B, this grateV being removable so that gas or Voil 'burners may be used and being of any sintab'leconstruction which will permit the ,fur- 1nace to 'be used with various grades o f coal. i

The sectionC rests' upon the -section B Yand is loutwardlyflangedat its lower end to t upon the flange 14'k and be bolted thereto as shown clearly inFigure '1. The section C carries the charging 6 door 17 'having therein the usual damper 17a. The section C as `.shown in'Figures 2 and '3 is formed`V with a hollow shell to define a water leg or space definedby an outer andan inner wall. The upper' wall' or web 19 dening the yupper end voi the "waterspaceis grooved to receive a rib on 4the lower end of the section D as is shown clearly Figures 2 and 3.Y 'The section D rests upon the .section C and is formed Aof a hollow shell havl ing .an Vouter. wall and an inner wal1,theV inner Y wall being designated 20. 4This inner wall does not lie 'parallel 'with the outer'wall but isdownwardly and'laterally inclined with reference to the .vertical axial center of the furnace, as shown jr'nost clearly in Figure 2 .so that the fwater space V80 21 ofthis sectionD at the rear of the furnace is relatively wide 'at its lower end and at the front of the furnace is4 relatively wide at its upper end. The inner wall' 20 thus defines a space which is `eccentric at'fbothends to the vertical axis of the furnace... Y j

The upper wall 22 of the water space '21a is formed with two screw-.threaded openings 23 for the receptionof the lower ends 'of the riser pipes '24. There Vare two of these'pipes shown in Figure 1, these pipes carrying 'hot' water off to the radi'- ators Vor'other heating system. 'The cap section E hollow to provide awater space 25 and an angular nipple 26 Yopens through the' upper wall of the 'There are` preferably two or more of these nipples 26. This cap section E is also formed with the fiue 275 whereby the productsof combustion are carriedto'the chimney or stack. Y

Extending from 'front to rear of Vthe, section D and opening through the inner wall 20 of this There may be as many lof these tubes as desired, the 5 l0 lation and relatively close together as in a-water tube boiler so as topermit the-products of comhust'ionfto pass around these ktubes and heat the water therein.y These tubes are at right angles tothe wall 20 or, inother words, are upwardly 110 inclined with reference vto a horizontal plane as shown in Figure 2. These tubes may be engaged at each end with the wall 2() yin any suitable manner and expanded in the usual manner of such tubes into the sheet constituting the wall 20. It will be seen that these tubes take water from the rear of the section D, carry the water upward andV forward into the iront of the section D and discharge it in the upper Aportion of the water space contiguousto the riser pipes 24. e

Disposed between groups of the water .tubes 28 are the hollow baffles shown as two in number and designated 29 and 3G. These extend parallel to. IIhe baiiie 29 extends from the rear the pipes. of the wall 20 upward and forwardand terminates short of the front of the Wall 20 as shown clearly in Figure 2. The baille 30 extends from the front of the wall 20 and terminates shortof the rear of the wall 20 so that these baffles cause the products of combustion rising from the re pot to take a cirouitous course in passing around the water tubes 28 so that all of the tubes Will be subjected to a maximum amount of heat and as much as possible of the heat may be abstracted from the products of combustion. Preferably the bailles 29 and 30 will be lledwith water as shown and from the opposite ends of these baiiies will extend pipes 31.r These pipes 31 are shown as leading to the risers 24 but because of the fact that these pipes 31 extend out of the boiler, these pipes may be connected to hot water tanks in the manner of water backs. n

' Preferably the furnace `will be rectangular in cross section and hence theinner wall 20 will be rectangular in cross section. Preferably the outer wall of the section D will be provided with plates 34 removably held in place by bolts 33. By removing these plates after, of course, all water has been drained from the boiler, it is possible to clean out the interior of section D. The bafiles 29 and 30 may. be supported in any suitable manner but, as shown, they are supported by the inwardly extending pipes 31 which constitute outlet pipes to the baiies and the return pipes thereto designated 43. These baffles, if anything should go wrong can be removed by removing some of the tubes and, of course, removing either pipes 24 and at its lower end being inwardly flanged as,` at 37, this ange extending inward andbearing against the Wall 20 as shown in Figure 2. This plate 35 acts asl a baille directing the hot water from those tubes 28 above the baffle 29 directly up to the riser pipes24. The advantages of this will .be hereafter pointed out.

It will be noted from Figure 2 that the water space 18 is connected to the waterspace 21 by `means of the exterior pipes 38. These pipes extend from the iront of the Water space 18 upward and rearward tothe rear lower end of the water space 21.. Connecting the rear of the water vspace 1 8 with the uppei or middle portion of the rear of the water-space 21 are one or more vertical pipes 39, rand the upper rear portion of the water space 21 yis connected by the angular `nipples 26 previously described with the water space 25 in the cap section E. This water space 25 is in turn connected with the risers 24 by the pipes 40.Y It will be seen from Figure 4 that the wall 2() which .is the inner wall ,ofthe water space 2l extends around in spaced relation to the side Wall and rear wall of the boiler but that the wall 20 is formed with anges or webs 20a (see Figure 4) which extend laterally to the outer wall of the boiler so that the space 21a at the front of the boiler and into which the heated water is discharged is separated from the space 2l in which the water is heated and that the space 21..is' connected to the rspace 21a by the Water tubes 28. p v

Thus it will be seen that the water is heated in the water space 18, thence passes into the water space 21, thence the hottest water passes into the waterspace 25 over the top of the boiler and the water from space 2l passes through the tubes 28 into the space 21a and is thence carried oil by the riser pipes 24 to the heating system.

In Figure 5, I have illustrated the manner in which my boiler may be slightly changed for use as a boiler forgenerating steainfor steam heating systems "and I have also illustrated-in Figure 5 an additional section designated D which may be inserted between the section C and the section D, thus illustrating the fact that a number of sections such as Dmight be disposed one abovethe other between the sections C and D.

In Figure Lthe pipes 31 leading from the bafes 29 and 30 are illustrated as being connected to pipes 41 whichA discharge into theriser pipes 24. It is to be understood, however,v that the pipes 31 or the pipes41 might be Vconnected to a separate tank, as previously stated, so as to provide hot water for domestic purposes. .The return pipes for the boiler are designated 42 in Figure 1 and these at their lower endsenter the lowerend of the space 18. Branch pipes 43 lead into the lower ends ofthe baffles 29fand 3b Vso as to provide for a circulation' of water through thesebailles. Preferably and in order to prevent the water in the legs of the space 2lshown in Figure 4 frornbecoming trapped .or ,dead Without circulation, I provide'openings 44 at the top or the space 21, these openings extendingthrough the ilange or web 20a into the space 21a. v VWith the forlnof the invention shown in Figures l to 4, itis obvious that water will pass into the lower portion of the space 18 which surrounds the re pot throughthe return pipes 42 and that water will also be carried into the hollow baffles 29 and30 by the pipes 43.' The water within the space 18 as it is heated will pass up the pipe or pipes. 38 into vthe lower end of the space 21 and will also pass up the pipe or pipes 39 into the space 2'1 andpthis Vvwater will pass into the space 25 in the cap section. The water in thisv space2land inthe space-25 will be heated by the upward passage of the vproducts of combustion and water` from the space 21 will pass upward through the water tubesI 28 into. the space 21a at the front of the boiler and will be carried upwardintothe .riser pipes 24, the water from the space 25 beingcarriedvlinto these riser pipes through the pipes 40.`

In Figure 5, where I have.A shown, as'l before stated, thisr boileras beingadapted for Vthe generation of .steamthe structure is precisely the same as in the hot water boiler previously de scribed except as followsz--The dome section E is deeper than thedome section E so as to'provide asteam space inthe upper portion of the dome section E. A pipe or .pipesv 45 leads from kthe dome section E to carrypoi the steam.v Ihe pipesl 46 and 47 lead Y,from the interior vo1" the water space 21 and 21a-into thenOme-E. As

shown in Figure 5, an extra sectionD is disposed between the sections C and D and under these circumstances, the water space of section C is connected to water space '21 of section B by means of the pipe or pipes 39aI which have the same function as the pipes 39. The upper end of thewater space 18 is connected to the water spaceY of the section D by means of thepipe 38a which vhas the same functionras the pipe 38 in Figure 2 and the water space 21a of section D' is connected by a pipe 48 to the upper portion of the water space 21a of section D. The action of this boiler is precisely the same as heretofore described except that steam willgather in the upper portion of the dorme E' and this steam will be carried off through the riser pipe 45.' Of course, suitable lpressure gages will be attached to this dome.

It will be seen that with this boiler, the water is prevented from rising directly in the riser Y pipes but must take a circuitous course and pass through the water tubes 28 and thus abstract-all the heat possible from the fire before passing into the discharge pipes 24. The boiler is readily assembled and may be readily enlarged by using one or more of the small units D in conjunction with the units D and C.

Preferably the outer walls of the front of the boiler will be formed by plates 49 as shown best in Figure 2 held to the body of the boiler by screws, bolts or the like, the bale plate 35 being attached toa plate 49 Vsothat'when this plate 49 is removed, of course, the boiler having been drained before, access may be had to the pipes 28 to permit these pipes to be cleaned out or permit new pipes to be inserted. Removable plugs 50 are provided a-t all corners of the boiler for cleaning purposes.

The advantages of my invention over any hot water or steam heating system known to me are many. The heater is so constructed that very littleV machine work is Vnecessary as there are no drums or tanks connected with it as such drums or tanks are very expensive. The circulating water travels through tubes 28 directly up the heating system not evengoing into the dome E which I believe to be entirely unnecessary. The more water there is above the heater, the slower the circulation is because the water is hottest around the re box and lower rows of tubes. When water is circulated through large drums or tanks, it is checked in its circulation because the water in the drum or tank does not get the same amount of heat as was present in the water in the lower part of the boiler. The brick work 15 in the lower portion of the heater is, I believe, a great advantage over other heaters, and further by having the water circulating to the back part of the .boiler is of advantage because the pitch of the tubes secures a higher velocity and the more pitch which is given to these circulating tubes, the higher the velocity. With my construction, I have provided a plate 35 to take the hottest water up through the system and not through domes or tanks. By having the tubes inclined, the water circulates one way through the heater, whereas if the tubes 28 were level, circulation would be slow because of the tendency of the water to ilow in both directions. By adding an addditional section to increase the heating as shown most clearly in Figure 5, this section gets the first heat and as the water in this section gets heated and starts to circulate, it will go directly to the water space 21a and riser pipes 24 throughout the system and not go from one with copper o1' brass ferrules.

section or the other orvto large drumsor tanks which is a' Waste of time and. energy. With my construction, .I provide a relatively. small' dome because thevcombustion is .not nearly as hot as below the tubes. Ballle 29.gets the .same amount of heat as do the 'lower tubes and-therefore, is connected direct to the riser pipes 24. These baille plates perform `two functions, namely as *baille -plates for the purpose of causing the` heat to circulate from front `to rear and again and also las water heaters. c

Another advantage ofr my construction resides in the fact that Vthe steam or vapor dome is so connected to the tube sections that a continuous circulation is secured. As previously stated, there is very 'little machine work connected with this construction as my sections are all connectedto-Y gether with pipes. Where -a boiler isr formed `of a plurality of sections connected to each other by ferrules, the construction is very expensive because the outlets and inlets from one section to the other must be machined out and put together With my construction by removing ,the plate 49, access can be had to all the tubes and furthermore this construction is less expensive than if a solid casting were used which had to bey tapped and plugged for each tube. Excluding the dome E, and the ash pit and fire box, my boiler has but three sections, namely the sections C, D and if neces- 105 saryD. The section D' will be built in different sizes Y and Vthe sections will have from two toV eight then back Vrows of tubes, iustldepending upon the size of the sections. Y

While I; have'illustrated plates v34 whereby `access maybe had tothe interior of the water space of section -D, it VYis to be understood that section D need not be provided with these plates 34 but `that lthe outer Walls may be entirely solid. VWhile I vhave illustratedfa'preferable form of my inventionfI'do not wish to be limited thereto as obviously many changes might be made therein lwithout departing from the spirit of Ythe invention as defined in the appendedclaims.

I clairnz-Y f 1.A boiler having a re box andan ash pit, a section resting von the re boxand having a hollow shell to provide'a water space, a section resting on the first named section and having a 125 hollow wall enclosing a front and rear water space seperated from eachother, the rear water space having water legs extending along the sides of this section, water tubes extending upward from the rear water lspace andextending into the front water space, outlet pipes extending from the upper end of the front water space, return pipes connected to the water space of the rst named section, a connection leading from the front of the water space of the first named section to the rearwater space of the second named section at the lower end thereof, a tubular connection leading from the rear upper end of the rst named section and discharging into the middle of the rear water space of the second named section, a hollow top section with which the upper section of the boiler communicatively connects, and an outlet pipe leadingtherefrom. 2. A boiler having a fire box and an ash pit, a section resting on the re Abox and having a M5 hollow shell to provide a water space, a section resting on the first named section and having a hollow shell enclosing a front and rear water space separated from each other, the rear water space having water'legs extending along the sides '150 of this section, water tubes extending upward from vthe rear water` space and extending into the front water space,.outlet pipes extending from` the upper end of the front water space, return pipes connected to the water space of the first named section, a connection' leading from the front or the water space of the i-lrst named sectionv to the rear water space of the second named section at the lower end thereof, a tubular connection leading from the rear upper endv of the rst named section and discharginginto the mide dle of the rear water space of the second named section, a hollow top section with whichthe upper section oi the boiler communicatively connects, an outlet pipe leading therefronnand upper and lowei` bafes extending transversely across the interior of the second named section, the lower baiile extending from the front toward the rear, terminating short of the rear, the upper baille extending from the rear toward the front but terminating short of the front, the bailles separating the water pipes into groups,` and pipes whereby water may be circulated through said baffles, said pipes extending out of the boiler.

3. A boiler having a re box and an ash pit, a section resting -on the fire box and having a hollow shell to provide a water space, a section resting on the first named section and having a hollow shell enclosing a front and rear water e space separated from each other, the rear water space having water legs extending along the sides of this section, water tubesextending upward from the rear water space and extending into the front water space, outlet pipes extending from the upper end of the front water space, re-

turn pipes connected tothe water space of the rst named section, a connectionleading from the front of the water space of the rst named section to the rear water space of the second named section at the lower end thereof, a` tubular connectionleading from the rear upper end of the irst named section and discharging'into the middle of the rear water space of the second nainedsection, a hollow top section with which the upper section of the boiler colnmunicatively connects, an outlet pipe leading therefrom, and upper and lower bailles extending transversely acrossr the interior ofthe second namedY section, the lower baille extendingfrom the front toward the rear, terminating short of the rear, the kupper baille extending from the rear toward the front but terminating short of the front, the baffles separating the water pipes into groups, the bailies being separate from the shell of the second named section, and pipes extending through the shell and supporting the baiiles, the pipes providing means whereby water may be circulated through saidbaffles, and a baille plate extending parallel to the front wall of the `front Awater space of the second named section and extending downward from a point near the top of said section to a point opposite the lowermost bale andthen rextending inward to the innerk wall of the water space.

4. A boiler having a fire box andan ash pit, a section resting o-n the re box and having a hollow circumferential shell to provide a circumferential water space closed at its upper and lower ends,a section resting on the iirst named section and having a hollow circumferential shell divided to provide two water spaces, one .at the front and one at the rear of the boiler, said water spacesv together extending circumferentially around the entire boiler, water tubes extending across the interiorr of this last named section and opening at their opposite ends into the two Water spaces, outlet pipes extending rfrom the upper endoi" the front water space, return pipes connected to the water space of therst named section, a hollow top section resting upon the upper section of the boiler and communicatively connected with the rear water space of the second named section and having an outlet pipe and a ue, and pipes communicatively connecting the water space inthe rstnamed section f with the .rear water space of the lsecond named section at different levels, said connecting pipes being disposed upon the exteriorof the furnace.

5. In a boiler, a section having a hollow peripheral shell divided to provide two water spaces, water tubes extending across the interior of the section and opening into said spaces, and hollow baffles having staggered relation to each other l and extending across the interior of the section,

the bales being separate from the section, and s lwater circulating pipes extending through the 

